Reading status codes
The first digit tells you the class: 2xx success, 3xx redirect, 4xx a problem with the request, 5xx a problem on the server. Knowing the difference between 401 and 403, or 502 and 504, points you to the right layer to debug.
User agents as hints
User-agent strings identify the browser and operating system, but they can be changed by the client and are gradually being reduced by browsers. Use them for debugging and analytics, not for security decisions.
